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Digital Communication over Fading ChannelsCONTENTSPrefaceNomenclaturePART 1 FUNDAMENTALSCHAPTER 1 Introduction1.1 System Performance Measures1.1.1 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR)1.1.2 Outage Probability1.1.3 Average Bit Error Probability BEP)1.1.4 Amount of Fading1.1.5 Average Outage Duration1.2 ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 2 Fading Channel Characterization and Modeling2.1 Main Characteristics of Fading Channels2.1.1 Envelope and Phase Fluctuations2.1.2 Slow and Fast Fading2.1.3 Frequency-Flat and Frequency-Selective Fading2.2 Modeling of Flat-Fading Channels2.2.1 Multipath Fading2.2.1.1 Rayleigh2.2.1.2 Nakagami-q Hoyt)2.2.1.3 Nakagami-n Rice)2.2.1.4 Nakagami-m2.2.1.5 Weibull2.2.1.6 Beckmann2.2.1.7 Spherically-Invariant Random Process Model2.2.2 Log-Normal Shadowing2.2.3 Composite Multipath/Shadowing2.2.3.1 Composite Gamma/Log-Normal Distribution2.2.3.2 Suzuki Distribution2.2.3.3 K Distribution2.2.3.4 Rician Shadowed Distributions2.2.4 Combined Time-Shared) Shadowed/Unshadowed Fading2.3 Modeling of Frequency-Selective Fading ChannelsReferencesCHAPTER 3 Types of Communication3.1 Ideal Coherent Detection3.1.1 Multiple Amplitude-Shift-Keying M-ASK) or Multiple Amplitude Modulation M-AM)3.1.2 Quadrature Amplitude-Shift-Keying QASK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM)3.1.3 M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK)3.1.4 Differentially Encoded M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK)3.1.4.1 π/4-QPSK3.1.5 Offset QPSK OQPSK) or Staggered QPSK SQPSK)3.1.6 M-ary Frequency-Shift-Keying M-FSK)3.1.7 Minimum-Shift-Keying MSK)3.2 Nonideal Coherent Detection3.3 Noncoherent Detection3.4 Partially Coherent Detection3.4.1 Conventional Detection3.4.1.1 One-Symbol Observation3.4.1.2 Multiple-Symbol Observation3.4.2 Differentially Coherent Detection3.4.2.1 M-ary Differential Phase-Shift-Keying M-DPSK)3.4.2.2 Conventional Detection Two-Symbol Observation)3.4.2.3 Multiple-Symbol Detection3.4.3 π/4-Differential QPSK π/4-DQPSK)ReferencesPART 2 MATHEMATICAL TOOLSCHAPTER 4 Alternative Representations of Classical Functions4.1 Gaussian Q-Function4.1.1 One-Dimensional Case4.1.2 Two-Dimensional Case4.1.3 Other Forms for One- and Two-Dimensional Cases4.1.4 Alternative Representations of Higher Powers of the Gaussian Q-Function4.2 Marcum Q-Function4.2.1 First-Order Marcum Q-Function4.2.1.1 Upper and Lower Bounds4.2.2 Generalized mth-Order) Marcum Q-Function4.2.2.1 Upper and Lower Bounds4.3 The Nuttall Q-Function4.4 Other FunctionsReferencesAppendix 4A. Derivation of Eq. 4.2)CHAPTER 5 Useful Expressions for Evaluating Average Error Probability Performance5.1 Integrals Involving the Gaussian Q-Function5.1.1 Rayleigh Fading Channel5.1.2 Nakagami-q Hoyt) Fading Channel5.1.3 Nakagami-n Rice) Fading Channel5.1.4 Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.1.5 Log-Normal Shadowing Channel5.1.6 Composite Log-Normal Shadowing/Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.2 Integrals Involving the Marcum Q-Function5.2.1 Rayleigh Fading Channel5.2.2 Nakagami-q Hoyt) Fading Channel5.2.3 Nakagami-n Rice) Fading Channel5.2.4 Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.2.5 Log-Normal Shadowing Channel5.2.6 Composite Log-Normal Shadowing/Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.2.7 Some Alternative Closed-Form Expressions5.3 Integrals Involving the Incomplete Gamma Function5.3.1 Rayleigh Fading Channel5.3.2 Nakagami-q Hoyt) Fading Channel5.3.3 Nakagami-n Rice) Fading Channel5.3.4 Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.3.5 Log-Normal Shadowing Channel5.3.6 Composite Log-Normal Shadowing/Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.4 Integrals Involving Other Functions5.4.1 The M-PSK Error Probability Integral5.4.1.1 Rayleigh Fading Channel5.4.1.2 Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.4.2 Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Signal Constellation Error Probability Integral5.4.3 Higher-Order Integer Powers of the Gaussian Q-Function5.4.3.1 Rayleigh Fading Channel5.4.3.2 Nakagami-m Fading Channel5.4.4 Integer Powers of M-PSK Error Probability Integrals5.4.4.1 Rayleigh Fading ChannelReferencesAppendix 5A. Evaluation of Definite Integrals Associated with Rayleigh and Nakagami-m Fading5A.1 Exact Closed-Form Results5A.2 Upper and Lower BoundsCHAPTER 6 New Representations of Some Probability Density and Cumulative Distribution Functions for Correlative Fading Applications6.1 Bivariate Rayleigh PDF and CDF6.2 PDF and CDF for Maximum of Two Rayleigh Random Variables6.3 PDF and CDF for Maximum of Two Nakagami-m Random Variables6.4 PDF and CDF for Maximum and Minimum of Two Log-Normal Random Variables6.4.1 The Maximum of Two Log-Normal Random Variables6.4.2 The Minimum of Two Log-Normal Random VariablesReferencesPART 3 OPTIMUM RECEPTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONCHAPTER 7 Optimum Receivers for Fading Channels7.1 The Case of Known Amplitudes, Phases, and Delays—Coherent Detection7.2 The Case of Known Phases and Delays but Unknown Amplitudes7.2.1 Rayleigh Fading7.2.2 Nakagami-m Fading7.3 The Case of Known Amplitudes and Delays but Unknown Phases7.4 The Case of Known Delays but Unknown Amplitudes and Phases7.4.1 One-Symbol Observation—Noncoherent Detection7.4.1.1 Rayleigh Fading7.4.1.2 Nakagami-m Fading7.4.2 Two-Symbol Observation—Conventional Differentially Coherent Detection7.4.2.1 Rayleigh Fading7.4.2.2 Nakagami-m Fading7.4.3 Ns)-Symbol Observation—Multiple Differentially Coherent Detection7.4.3.1 Rayleigh Fading7.4.3.2 Nakagami-m Fading7.5 The Case of Unknown Amplitudes, Phases, and Delays7.5.1 One-Symbol Observation—Noncoherent Detection7.5.1.1 Rayleigh Fading7.5.1.2 Nakagami-m Fading7.5.2 Two-Symbol Observation—Conventional Differentially Coherent DetectionReferencesCHAPTER 8 Performance of Single-Channel Receivers8.1 Performance Over the AWGN Channel8.1.1 Ideal Coherent Detection8.1.1.1 Multiple Amplitude-Shift-Keying M-ASK) or Multiple Amplitude Modulation M-AM)8.1.1.2 Quadrature Amplitude-Shift-Keying QASK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM)8.1.1.3 M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK)8.1.1.4 Differentially Encoded M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK) and π/4-QPSK8.1.1.5 Offset QPSK OQPSK) or Staggered QPSK SQPSK)8.1.1.6 M-ary Frequency-Shift-Keying M-FSK)8.1.1.7 Minimum-Shift-Keying MSK)8.1.2 Nonideal Coherent Detection8.1.3 Noncoherent Detection8.1.4 Partially Coherent Detection8.1.4.1 Conventional Detection One-Symbol Observation)8.1.4.2 Multiple-Symbol Detection8.1.5 Differentially Coherent Detection8.1.5.1 M-ary Differential Phase-Shift-Keying M-DPSK)8.1.5.2 M-DPSK with Multiple-Symbol Detection8.1.5.3 π/4-Differential QPSK π/4-DQPSK)8.1.6 Generic Results for Binary Signaling8.2 Performance Over Fading Channels8.2.1 Ideal Coherent Detection8.2.1.1 Multiple Amplitude-Shift-Keying M-ASK) or Multiple Amplitude Modulation M-AM)8.2.1.2 Quadrature Amplitude-Shift-Keying QASK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM)8.2.1.3 M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK)8.2.1.4 Differentially Encoded M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying M-PSK) and π/4-QPSK8.2.1.5 Offset QPSK OQPSK) or Staggered QPSK SQPSK)8.2.1.6 M-ary Frequency-Shift-Keying M-FSK)8.2.1.7 Minimum-Shift-Keying MSK)8.2.2 Nonideal Coherent Detection8.2.2.1 Simplified Noisy Reference Loss Evaluation8.2.3 Noncoherent Detection8.2.4 Partially Coherent Detection8.2.5 Differentially Coherent Detection8.2.5.1 M-ary Differential Phase-Shift-Keying M-DPSK)—Slow Fading8.2.5.2 M-ary Differential Phase-Shift-Keying M-DPSK)—Fast Fading8.2.5.3 π/4-Differential QPSK π/4-DQPSK)8.2.6 Performance in the Presence of Imperfect Channel Estimation8.2.6.1 Signal Model and Symbol Error Probability Evaluation for Rayleigh Fading8.2.6.2 Special CasesReferencesAppendix 8A. Stein’s Unified Analysis of the Error Probability Performance of Certain Communication SystemsCHAPTER 9 Performance of Multichannel Receivers9.1 Diversity Combining9.1.1 Diversity Concept9.1.2 Mathematical Modeling9.1.3 Brief Survey of Diversity Combining Techniques9.1.3.1 Pure Combining Techniques9.1.3.2 Hybrid Combining Techniques9.1.4 Complexity–Performance Tradeoffs9.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining MRC)9.2.1 Receiver Structure9.2.2 PDF-Based Approach9.2.3 MGF-Based Approach9.2.3.1 Average Bit Error Rate of Binary Signals9.2.3.2 Average Symbol Error Rate of M-PSK Signals9.2.3.3 Average Symbol Error Rate of M-AM Signals9.2.3.4 Average Symbol Error Rate of Square M-QAM Signals9.2.4 Bounds and Asymptotic SER Expressions9.3 Coherent Equal Gain Combining9.3.1 Receiver Structure9.3.2 Average Output SNR9.3.3 Exact Error Rate Analysis9.3.3.1 Binary Signals9.3.3.2 Extension to M-PSK Signals9.3.4 Approximate Error Rate Analysis9.3.5 Asymptotic Error Rate Analysis9.4 Noncoherent and Differentially Coherent Equal Gain Combining9.4.1 DPSK, DQPSK, and BFSK Performance Exact and with Bounds)9.4.1.1 Receiver Structures9.4.1.2 Exact Analysis of Average Bit Error Probability9.4.1.3 Bounds on Average Bit Error Probability9.4.2 M-ary Orthogonal FSK9.4.2.1 Exact Analysis of Average Bit Error Probability9.4.2.2 Numerical Examples9.4.3 Multiple-Symbol Differential Detection with Diversity Combining9.4.3.1 Decision Metrics9.4.3.2 Average Bit Error Rate Performance9.4.3.3 Asymptotic Large Ns)) Behavior9.4.3.4 Numerical Results9.5 Optimum Diversity Combining of Noncoherent FSK9.5.1 Comparison with the Noncoherent Equal Gain Combining Receiver9.5.2 Extension to the M-ary Orthogonal FSK Case9.6 Outage Probability Performance9.6.1 MRC and Noncoherent EGC9.6.2 Coherent EGC9.6.3 Numerical Examples9.7 Impact of Fading Correlation9.7.1 Model A: Two Correlated Branches with Nonidentical Fading9.7.1.1 PDF9.7.1.2 MGF9.7.2 Model B: D Identically Distributed Branches with Constant Correlation9.7.2.1 PDF9.7.2.2 MGF9.7.3 Model C: D Identically Distributed Branches with Exponential Correlation9.7.3.1 PDF9.7.3.2 MGF9.7.4 Model D: D Nonidentically Distributed Branches with Arbitrary Correlation9.7.4.1 MGF9.7.4.2 Special Cases of Interest9.7.4.3 Proof that Correlation Degrades Performance9.7.5 Numerical Examples9.8 Selection Combining9.8.1 MGF of Output SNR9.8.2 Average Output SNR9.8.3 Outage Probability9.8.3.1 Analysis9.8.3.2 Numerical Example9.8.4 Average Probability of Error9.8.4.1 BDPSK and Noncoherent BFSK9.8.4.2 Coherent BPSK and BFSK9.8.4.3 Numerical Example9.9 Switched Diversity9.9.1 Dual-Branch Switch-and-Stay Combining9.9.1.1 Performance of SSC over Independent Identically Distributed Branches9.9.1.2 Effect of Branch Unbalance9.9.1.3 Effect of Branch Correlation9.9.2 Multibranch Switch-and-Examine Combining9.9.2.1 Classical Multibranch SEC9.9.2.2 Multibranch SEC with Post-selection9.9.2.3 Scan-and-Wait Combining9.10 Performance in the Presence of Outdated or Imperfect Channel Estimates9.10.1 Maximal-Ratio Combining9.10.2 Noncoherent EGC over Rician Fast Fading9.10.3 Selection Combining9.10.4 Switched Diversity9.10.4.1 SSC Output Statistics9.10.4.2 Average SNR9.10.4.3 Average Probability of Error9.10.5 Numerical Results9.11 Combining in Diversity-Rich Environments9.11.1 Two-Dimensional Diversity Schemes9.11.1.1 Performance Analysis9.11.1.2 Numerical Examples9.11.2 Generalized Selection Combining9.11.2.1 I.I.D. Rayleigh Case9.11.2.2 Non-I.I.D. Rayleigh Case9.11.2.3 I.I.D. Nakagami-m Case9.11.2.4 Partial-MGF Approach9.11.2.5 I.I.D. Weibull Case9.11.3 Generalized Selection Combining with Threshold Test per Branch T-GSC)9.11.3.1 Average Error Probability Performance9.11.3.2 Outage Probability Performance9.11.3.3 Performance Comparisons9.11.4 Generalized Switched Diversity GSSC)9.11.4.1 GSSC Output Statistics9.11.4.2 Average Probability of Error9.11.5 Generalized Selection Combining Based on the Log-Likelihood Ratio9.11.5.1 Optimum LLR-Based) GSC for Equiprobable BPSK9.11.5.2 Envelope-Based GSC9.11.5.3 Optimum GSC for Noncoherently Detected Equiprobable Orthogonal BFSK9.12 Post-detection Combining9.12.1 System and Channel Models9.12.1.1 Overall System Description9.12.1.2 Channel Model9.12.1.3 Receiver9.12.2 Post-detection Switched Combining Operation9.12.2.1 Switching Strategy and Mechanism9.12.2.2 Switching Threshold9.12.3 Average BER Analysis9.12.3.1 Identically Distributed Branches9.12.3.2 Nonidentically Distributed Branches9.12.4 Rayleigh Fading9.12.4.1 Identically Distributed Branches9.12.4.2 Nonidentically Distributed Branches9.12.5 Impact of the Severity of Fading9.12.5.1 Average BER9.12.5.2 Numerical Examples and Discussion9.12.6 Extension to Orthogonal M-FSK9.12.6.1 System Model and Switching Operation9.12.6.2 Average Probability of Error9.12.6.3 Numerical Examples9.13 Performance of Dual-Branch Diversity Combining Schemes over Log-Normal Channels9.13.1 System and Channel Models9.13.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining9.13.2.1 Moments of the Output SNR9.13.2.2 Outage Probability9.13.2.3 Extension to Equal Gain Combining9.13.3 Selection Combining9.13.3.1 Moments of the Output SNR9.13.3.2 Outage Probability9.13.4 Switched Combining9.13.4.1 Moments of the Output SNR9.13.4.2 Outage Probability9.14 Average Outage Duration9.14.1 System and Channel Models9.14.1.1 Fading Channel Models9.14.1.2 GSC Mode of Operation9.14.2 Average Outage Duration and Average Level Crossing Rate9.14.2.1 Problem Formulation9.14.2.2 General Formula for the Average LCR of GSC9.14.3 I.I.D. Rayleigh Fading9.14.3.1 Generic Expressions for GSC9.14.3.2 Special Cases: SC and MRC9.14.4 Numerical Examples9.15 Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output MIMO) Antenna Diversity Systems9.15.1 System, Channel, and Signal Models9.15.2 Optimum Weight Vectors and Output SNR9.15.3 Distributions of the Largest Eigenvalue of Noncentral Complex Wishart Matrices9.15.3.1 CDF of S9.15.3.2 PDF of S9.15.3.3 PDF of Output SNR and Outage Probability9.15.3.4 Special Cases9.15.3.5 Numerical Results and DiscussionReferencesAppendix 9A. Alternative Forms of the Bit Error Probability for a Decision Statistic that Is a Quadratic Form of Complex Gaussian Random VariablesAppendix 9B. Simple Numerical Techniques for Inversion of Laplace Transform of Cumulative Distribution Functions9B.1 Euler Summation-Based Technique9B.2 Gauss–Chebyshev Quadrature-Based TechniqueAppendix 9C. The Relation between the Power Correlation Coefficient of Correlated Rician Random Variables and the Correlation Coefficient of Their Underlying Complex Gaussian Random VariablesAppendix 9D. Proof of Theorem 9.1Appendix 9E. Direct Proof of Eq. 9.438)Appendix 9F. Special Definite IntegralsPART 4 MULTIUSER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 10 Outage Performance of Multiuser Communication Systems10.1 Outage Probability in Interference-Limited Systems10.1.1 A Probability Related to the CDF of the Difference of Two Chi-Square Variates with Different Degrees of Freedom10.1.2 Fading and System Models10.1.2.1 Channel Fading Models10.1.2.2 Desired and Interference Signals Model10.1.3 A Generic Formula for the Outage Probability10.1.3.1 Nakagami/Nakagami Scenario10.1.3.2 Rice/Rice Scenario10.1.3.3 Rice/Nakagami Scenario10.1.3.4 Nakagami/Rice Scenario10.2 Outage Probability with a Minimum Desired Signal Power Constraint10.2.1 Models and Problem Formulation10.2.1.1 Fading and System Models10.2.1.2 Outage Probability Definition10.2.2 Rice/I.I.D. Nakagami Scenario10.2.2.1 Rice/I.I.D. Rayleigh Scenario10.2.2.2 Extension to Rice/I.I.D. Nakagami Scenario10.2.2.3 Numerical Examples10.2.3 Nakagami/I.I.D. Rice Scenario10.2.3.1 Rayleigh/I.I.D. Rice Scenario10.2.3.2 Extension to Nakagami/I.I.D. Rice Scenario10.2.3.3 Numerical Examples10.3 Outage Probability with Dual-Branch SC and SSC Diversity10.3.1 Fading and System Models10.3.2 Outage Performance with Minimum Signal Power Constraint10.3.2.1 Selection Combining10.3.2.2 Switch-and-Stay Combining10.3.2.3 Numerical Examples10.4 Outage Rate and Average Outage Duration of Multiuser Communication SystemsReferencesAppendix 10A. A Probability Related to the CDF of the Difference of Two Chi-Square Variates with Different Degrees of FreedomAppendix 10B. Outage Probability in the Nakagami/Nakagami Interference-Limited ScenarioCHAPTER 11 Optimum Combining—a Diversity Technique for Communication over Fading Channels in the Presence of Interference11.1 Performance of Diversity Combining Receivers11.1.1 Single Interferer; Independent, Identically Distributed Fading11.1.1.1 Rayleigh Fading—Exact Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability11.1.1.2 Rayleigh Fading—Approximate Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability11.1.1.3 Extension to Other Modulations11.1.1.4 Rician Fading—Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability11.1.1.5 Nakagami-m Fading—Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability11.1.2 Multiple Equal Power Interferers; Independent, Identically Distributed Fading11.1.2.1 Number of Interferers Less than Number of Array Elements11.1.2.2 Number of Interferers Equal to or Greater than Number of Array Elements11.1.3 Comparison with Results for MRC in the Presence of Interference11.1.4 Multiple Arbitrary Power Interferers; Independent, Identically Distributed Fading11.1.4.1 Average SEP of M-PSK11.1.4.2 Numerical Results11.1.5 Multiple-Symbol Differential Detection in the Presence of Interference11.1.5.1 Decision Metric11.1.5.2 Average BEP11.2 Optimum Combining with Multiple Transmit and Receive Antennas11.2.1 System, Channel, and Signals Models11.2.2 Optimum Weight Vectors and Output SIR11.2.3 PDF of Output SIR and Outage Probability11.2.3.1 PDF of Output SIR11.2.3.2 Outage Probability11.2.3.3 Special Case When Lt) = 111.2.4 Key Observations11.2.4.1 Distribution of Antenna Elements11.2.4.2 Effects of Correlation between Receiver Antenna Pairs11.2.5 Numerical ExamplesReferencesAppendix 11A. Distributions of the Largest Eigenvalue of Certain Quadratic Forms in Complex Gaussian Vectors11A.1 General Result11A.2 Special CaseCHAPTER 12 Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple Access DS-CDMA)12.1 Single-Carrier DS-CDMA Systems12.1.1 System and Channel Models12.1.1.1 Transmitted Signal12.1.1.2 Channel Model12.1.1.3 Receiver12.1.2 Performance Analysis12.1.2.1 General Case12.1.2.2 Application to Nakagami-m Fading Channels12.2 Multicarrier DS-CDMA Systems12.2.1 System and Channel Models12.2.1.1 Transmitter12.2.1.2 Channel12.2.1.3 Receiver12.2.1.4 Notations12.2.2 Performance Analysis12.2.2.1 Conditional SNR12.2.2.2 Average BER12.2.3 Numerical ExamplesReferencesPART 5 CODED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 13 Coded Communication over Fading Channels13.1 Coherent Detection13.1.1 System Model13.1.2 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability13.1.2.1 Known Channel State Information13.1.2.2 Unknown Channel State Information13.1.3 Transfer Function Bound on Average Bit Error Probability13.1.3.1 Known Channel State Information13.1.3.2 Unknown Channel State Information13.1.4 An Alternative Formulation of the Transfer Function Bound13.1.5 An Example13.2 Differentially Coherent Detection13.2.1 System Model13.2.2 Performance Evaluation13.2.2.1 Unknown Channel State Information13.2.2.2 Known Channel State Information13.2.3 An Example13.3 Numerical Results—Comparison between the True Upper Bounds and Union–Chernoff BoundsReferencesAppendix 13A. Evaluation of a Moment Generating Function Associated with Differential Detection of M-PSK SequencesCHAPTER 14 Multichannel Transmission—Transmit Diversity and Space-Time Coding14.1 A Historical Perspective14.2 Transmit versus Receive Diversity—Basic Concepts14.3 Alamouti’s Diversity Technique—a Simple Transmit Diversity Scheme Using Two Transmit Antennas14.4 Generalization of Alamouti’s Diversity Technique to Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code Designs14.5 Alamouti’s Diversity Technique Combined with Multidimensional Trellis-Coded Modulation14.5.1 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability Performance on Fast Rician Fading Channels14.5.2 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability Performance on Slow Rician Fading Channels14.6 Space-Time Trellis-Coded Modulation14.6.1 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability Performance on Fast Rician Fading Channels14.6.2 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability Performance on Slow Rician Fading Channels14.6.3 An Example14.6.4 Approximate Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability14.6.4.1 Fast-Fading Channel Model14.6.4.2 Slow-Fading Channel Model14.6.5 Evaluation of the Transfer Function Upper Bound on Average Bit Error Probability14.6.5.1 Fast-Fading Channel Model14.6.5.2 Slow-Fading Channel Model14.7 Other Combinations of Space-Time Block Codes and Space-Time Trellis Codes14.7.1 Super-Orthogonal Space-Time Trellis Codes14.7.1.1 The Parameterized Class of Space-Time Block Codes and System Model14.7.1.2 Evaluation of the Pairwise Error Probability14.7.1.3 Extension of the Results to Super-Orthogonal Codes with More than Two Transmit Antennas14.7.1.4 Approximate Evaluation of Average Bit Error Probability14.7.1.5 Evaluation of the Transfer Function Upper Bound on the Average Bit Error Probability14.7.1.6 Numerical Results14.7.2 Super-Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Trellis Codes14.7.2.1 Signal Model14.7.2.2 Evaluation of Pairwise Error Probability14.7.2.3 Examples14.7.2.4 Numerical Results14.8 DisclaimerReferencesCHAPTER 15 Capacity of Fading Channels15.1 Channel and System Model15.2 Optimum Simultaneous Power and Rate Adaptation15.2.1 No Diversity15.2.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining15.3 Optimum Rate Adaptation with Constant Transmit Power15.3.1 No Diversity15.3.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining15.4 Channel Inversion with Fixed Rate15.4.1 No Diversity15.4.2 Maximal-Ratio Combining15.5 Numerical Examples15.6 Capacity of MIMO Fading ChannelsReferencesAppendix 15A. Evaluation of Jn)µ)Appendix 15B. Evaluation of In)µ)Index
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